How to Point the Antenna to the Satellite

Pointing the ground antenna to the satellite means to point the main beam of the ground antenna to the satellite. Correct pointing must be maintained not only in the customer's earth station verification test, but also in the daily routine operation of the customer's earth station.
Basically, there are two steps to point the antenna to the satellite, namely, coarse pointing and accurate pointing. In the step of coarse pointing, the azimuth and elevation angle (A/E) of the customer's earth station antenna is calculated, and the antenna is then pointed to the satellite based on the calculation result. This calculation is made based on the orbital slot of the satellite and the geographical location of the customer's earth station. However, the ground antenna may not be pointed to the satellite accurately only by the coarse pointing, since the azimuth and elevation is only a rough calculation, and the satellite is always in motion. That is why the second step—accurate pointing —is necessary. By accurate pointing, a satellite beacon signal will be received by the ground antenna. The azimuth and elevation angle of the ground antenna will then be adjusted slowly until the maximum signal level is received. Then, the A/E angle will be locked at this position. This ends the final pointing of the antenna.
Procedures for Pointing the Antenna to the Satellite

An un-modulated single carrier is sent by the customer at the designated frequency band.

Set the spectrometer as shown below (not necessarily the same value)
LG=10dB，Ref： -30dBm，
Span=20 kHz(C), 5 kHz (Ku)
RBW=300Hz(C), 100Hz (Ku)
VBW=300Hz(C), 100Hz (Ku)

Receive this signal at the same polarization. Mark the maximum value on the spectrometer. Press "mark delta"

Ask the customer to keep the Azimuth (or elevation) angle still, while rotate the elevation (or azimuth) angle, observe the change of the carrier at the spectrometer, until a carrier pattern appears as shown in the figure. Point 3 in the figure represents the maximum signal level
After the adjustment of the elevation (or azimuth) angle is finished, keep the elevation (or azimuth) angle still, while rotate the azimuth (or elevation) angle, observe the change of the carrier at the spectrometer, until a carrier pattern appears as shown in the figure. Point 3 in the figure represents the maximum signal level.
After the above steps completed, the ground antenna is now pointed to the satellite accurately.